Comparison of dexamethasone administration through sublingual and intramuscular routes for evaluation of pain, swelling, and trismus after impacted mandibular third molar surgery-a prospective randomized controlled study

Purpose To compare the efficacy of dexamethasone when administered preoperatively through sublingual and intramuscular routes for evaluating the reduction in pain, swelling, and trismus after removal of impacted mandibular third molar. Methods The study was conducted on patients who required surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia. A total of 150 patients were considered for the study who were divided into two groups of 75 patients each. Patients in the sublingual group were administered with 2 ml of dexamethasone 8 mg along with 2 ml of normal saline through sublingual route and patients in the intramuscular group were administered with 2 ml of dexamethasone 8 mg through intramuscular route 1 h before the commencement of mandibular third molar surgery. The subjects of all two groups were evaluated for pain, swelling, and trismus on 1(st), 3(rd), and 7(th) postoperative days. Results Patients in the sublingual group had significantly less pain and increased mouth opening on 1(st), 3(rd), and 7(th) postoperative days when compared to patients in the intramuscular group (P < 0.05), while the amount of swelling in the sublingual group was significantly less only on the 3(rd) and 7(th) postoperative days when compared to patients in the intramuscular group (P < 0.05). Four patients in the sublingual group consumed one dose of paracetamol 500 mg as a rescue drug on the day of surgery. In the intramuscular group, 9 patients consumed one dose of the same rescue drug on the day of surgery and 11 patients consumed one dose of rescue drug both on the day of surgery and on the 1(st) postoperative day. Conclusion This study concludes that preoperative administration of dexamethasone 8 mg through sublingual route had better efficacy than intramuscular route in controlling pain, swelling and trismus after mandibular third molar surgery.