Flexural analysis of laminated composite and sandwich beams using a four-unknown shear and normal deformation theory

This paper presents flexural analysis of composite and sandwich beams using a quasi-3D theory, which considers simultaneously three effects such as normal and shear deformation as well as anisotropy coupling. The axial and transverse displacements are assumed to be cubic and parabolic variation through the beam depth. In order to solve problem, two-node C-1 beam elements with six degrees of freedom per node are developed. Numerical examples are carried out and the results are compared with those available in literature to validate the accuracy of the present theory. The effects of fibre angle, lay-up and span-to-height ratio on displacements and stresses are studied. Some new results, which can be useful for future references, are also given. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.