Effect of Vitamin D supplementation on reduction in levels of HbA1 in patients recently diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus having asymptomatic Vitamin D deficiency

Objective: To study the effect of Vitamin D supplementation on reduction in level of HbA1 in patients recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Type II having asymptomatic Vitamin D deficiency. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at East Medical Ward Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months from January 01 2016 to June 30, 2016. 114 Patients were included through non probability purposive sampling technique. Informed consent and demographic information was collected. Patients were divided in two groups by randomization through tossing a coin. GroupA patients received Metformin tablet alone at 500 mg after dinner and Group-B patients were treated with same dosage of Metformin along with oral vitamin D at 200,000 IU monthly for three months. Blood sample was obtained at baseline, 3 months and 6 months of initiation of therapy. All samples were sent to the laboratory for complete blood count, blood sugar fasting, serum calcium, serum phosphorous, serum alkaline phosphatase, HbA1c and serum 25 Hyroxy Vitamin D (S-25(OH) D) levels and iPTH. Data entry and analysis was done by using SPSS 20. Results: The mean age of patients in metformin group was 42.37 +/- 4.59 years while mean age of patients in combination group was 43.33 +/- 4.86years. Males were 45.6% and females were 54.4% in metformin group while in combination group, 36.8% were males' and 63.2% were females'. At baseline, in metformin group, mean Vitamin D level was 17.09 +/- 1.73mg/dl and in combination group, mean Vitamin D level was 16.49 +/- 1.56mg/dl. The difference was insignificant (p > 0.05). On 2nd visit, combination group mean Vitamin D was 29.04 +/- 3.96mg/dl. At baseline, 1st and 2nd visit, in metformin group, mean HbA1c was 7.59 +/- 0.47%, 7.46 +/- 0.25% and 7.30 +/- 0.29%. At baseline, 1st and 2nd visit, in combination group, mean HbA1c was 7.71 +/- 0.19%, 7.57 +/- 0.21% and 7.43 +/- 0.26%. The difference was insignificant (p > 0.05) at baseline while significant on later follow-ups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation improved the glycemic control but substantial reduction in HbA1c was statistically insignificant in both groups.