Cyber-security in smart grid: Survey and challenges

Smart grid uses the power of information technology to intelligently deliver energy by using a two-way communication and wisely meet the environmental requirements by facilitating the integration of green technologies. The inherent weakness of communication technology has exposed the system to numerous security threats. Several survey papers have discussed these problems and their countermeasures. However, most of these papers classified attacks based on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, but they excluded the accountability. In addition, the existing countermeasures focus on countering some specific attacks or protecting some specific components, but there is no global approach to secure the entire system. In this paper, we review the security requirements, provide descriptions of several severe cyber-attacks, and propose a cyber-security strategy to detect and counter these attacks. Lastly, we provide some future research directions. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.