Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease despite great advances in its therapeutic landscape. Increasing evidence supports the belief that immune dysfunction plays an important role in the disease pathogenesis, progression, and drug resistance. Recent efforts have focused on harnessing the immune system to exert anti-myeloma effects with encouraging outcomes. First-in-class anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, daratumumab, now forms part of standard treatment regimens in relapsed and refractory settings and is shifting to front-line treatments. However, a non-negligible number of patients will progress and be triple refractory from the first line of treatment. Antibody-drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are being developed in a heavily pretreated setting with outstanding results. Belantamab mafodotin-blmf has already received approval and other anti-B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) therapies (CARs and bispecific antibodies are expected to be integrated in therapeutic options against myeloma soon. Nonetheless, immunotherapy faces different challenges in terms of efficacy and safety, and manufacturing and economic drawbacks associated with such a line of therapy pose additional obstacles to broadening its use. In this review, we described the most important clinical data on immunotherapeutic agents, delineated the limitations that lie in immunotherapy, and provided potential insights to overcome such issues.
机构:
Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Lakshini, Thangaraj Jaya
Jung, Sung-Noon
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Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, 322 Seoyang Ro, Hwasun 58128, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Jung, Sung-Noon
Choi, Duck
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Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med & Genet, Samsung Med Ctr, Seoul, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Choi, Duck
Park, Hye-Seong
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Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Park, Hye-Seong
Tan-Huy Chu
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Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Tan-Huy Chu
Lee, Hyun-Ju
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VaxCell Bio Therapeut, Hwasun, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Lee, Hyun-Ju
Kim, Hyeoung-Joon
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Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, 322 Seoyang Ro, Hwasun 58128, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Kim, Hyeoung-Joon
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Kim, Sang-Ki
Lee, Je-Jung
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Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Chonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Dept Hematol Oncol, 322 Seoyang Ro, Hwasun 58128, South Korea
VaxCell Bio Therapeut, Hwasun, South KoreaChonnam Natl Univ, Hwasun Hosp, Res Ctr Canc Immunotherapy, Hwasun, South Korea
Lee, Je-Jung
KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE,
2019,
34
(05):
: 954
-
965
机构:
Nippon Med Sch, Dept Hematol, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 1138603, JapanNippon Med Sch, Dept Hematol, Bunkyo Ku, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Tokyo 1138603, Japan
机构:
Sapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Vozella, Federico
Siniscalchi, Agostina
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机构:
S Eugenio Hosp, Hematol, Rome, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Siniscalchi, Agostina
Rizzo, Manuela
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Tor Vergata Univ, Hematol, Rome, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Rizzo, Manuela
Za, Tommaso
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Fdn Policlin Univ A Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Za, Tommaso
Antolino, Giusy
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Osped S Andrea, Rome, Italy
Div Ematol, Rome, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Antolino, Giusy
Coppetelli, Ugo
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Osped S Maria Goretti, Latina, Italy
Div Ematol, Latina, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Coppetelli, Ugo
Piciocchi, Alfonso
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机构:
Italian Grp Adult Hematol Dis GIMEMA, Data Ctr & Hlth Outcomes Res Unit, Rome, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Piciocchi, Alfonso
Andriani, Alessandro
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机构:
F Spaziani Hosp, Hematol Dept, Frosinone, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Andriani, Alessandro
Annibali, Ombretta
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Univ Campus Bio Med, Stem Cell Transplantat Transfus Med & Cellular Th, Unit Hematol, Rome, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy
Annibali, Ombretta
De Rosa, Luca
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机构:
Osped San Camillo Forlanini, Rome, ItalySapienza Univ Roma, Dipartimento Biotecnol Cellulari & Ematol, Rome, Italy