[1] Tongji Univ, Dept Geotech Engn, Coll Civil Engn, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[2] Tongji Univ, Key Lab Geotech & Underground Engn, Minist Educ, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[3] Tongji Univ, Inst Adv Study, Shanghai 200092, Peoples R China
[4] Ecole Ponts ParisTech, Lab Navier, Champs Sur Marne, France