Central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis: Imaging findings in 17 cases

Purpose: To quantify the imaging findings of 17 patients with central nervous system (CNS) paracoccidioidomycosis. Method: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data, films, and laboratory findings of 17 patients with CNS paracoccidioidomycosis. The clinical data were obtained by medical records review. Plain chest films, cranial computed tomography scans (CT), and serum and liquor analysis were evaluated. Results: All the patients were male, with a mean age of 46.5 years. Headache and hemiparesis were the most frequent symptoms. The head CT scans revealed two or more granulomas in 53% of the cases, frequently confined to the parietal lobes (35%) and cerebellar hemispheres (35%). The lesions were hypodense (53%) and irregular (76%) and showed ring-like contrast enhancement (94%). Perilesional edema was seen in 82% of the patients, and hydrocephalus was seen in 41%. Conclusion: Although CNS paracoccidioidomycosis might represent a suspicious lesion pattern on CT scan examination, correlation of the CT scan findings, clinical data, plain chest films, and laboratory results is necessary to define the diagnosis of this uncommon entity.