Crystal-State Photochromism and Dual-Mode Mechanochromism of an Organic Molecule with Fluorescence, Room-Temperature Phosphorescence, and Delayed Fluorescence

A D-A-D ' type pure organic molecule, named ODFRCZ, has unique triple-emission character covering fluorescence, phosphorescence, and delayed fluorescence (DF). The phosphorescence of ODFRCZ has a rather long lifetime of about 350 ms at room temperature. One dimer of ODFRCZ with enhanced parallel molecular packing acts more effectively to prompt ISC processes, which further generates room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP), owing to the larger transition dipole moment and closer energy level between S-1 and T-n. ODFRCZ is a rare example of an organic RTP molecule that shows dual-stimuli responsiveness of dual-mode mechanochromism (fluorescence red-shift and RTP/DF on-off switch) and reversible crystal-state photochromism. This work may broaden the knowledge for stimuli-responsive RTP organic molecules and lay the foundation for their wide-scale applications.