EMG-monitoring during functional electrical stimulation

When using functional electrical stimulation (FES), correct adjustment of stimulation parameters, and monitoring of the stimulated muscle is mandatory if tissue damage is to be avoided. Although several FES systems are already in regular use, a method for direct muscle monitoring is still lacking. This paper investigates the suitability of the electromyogram (EMG) for such a purpose. In six sheep, the right latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and the associated thoracodorsal nerve were exposed. Stimulation was effected via electrodes placed on the nerve. Three electrodes were placed in the LDM for EMG recording, and the tendon was connected to a force transducer for isometric force measurement. Stimulation was applied for one second (burst), followed by a three-second pause. The stimulation current was increased in 0.2 mA steps, starting at 0 mA and ending at 4 mA. Throughout the investigation, the EMG signal was monitored with an oscilloscope. In addition, the EMG signal and the force transducer signal were recorded for subsequent analysis. An analysis of the data of all six sheep revealed an almost linear relationship between muscle force and m-wave amplitude (\r\ = 0.95, p < 0.001) M-wave monitoring during EMG recording with three intramuscular electrodes is a reliable method of monitoring FES-induced muscle activity, but the absolute force cannot be measured.