Endoscopic Forehead and Brow Lift

被引：11
|
作者：
Keller, Gregory S. [2 ]
Mashkevich, Grigoriy [1 ]
机构：
[1] New York Eye & Ear Infirm, Div Facial Plast & Rcconstruct Surg, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, New York, NY 10003 USA
[2] Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Div Head & Neck Surg, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
来源：
FACIAL PLASTIC SURGERY | 2009年 / 25卷 / 04期
关键词：
Endoscopic; forehead lift; brow lift;
D O I：
10.1055/s-0029-1242034
中图分类号：
R61 [外科手术学];
学科分类号：
摘要：
Endoscopic method of rejuvenating the brow-forehead complex has evolved into the procedure of choice for many aesthetic surgeons. Safe and reliable application of the endoscopic technique depends on several important factors. These include technical expertise with the endoscopic equipment, understanding of the surgical goals in patients seeking rejuvenation in the forehead region, and detailed comprehension of the steps involved in altering forehead anatomy during endoscopic lifting. In this manuscript, the senior author reviews his experience with the endoscopic forehead lift and delineates a stepwise approach to this technically challenging operation. The text also highlights important details with respect to patient care, endoscopic equipment, and surgical anatomy. "Keller' rules of fours" are introduced to summarize surgical pearls of the endoscopic forehead and brow lift.
引用
收藏
页码：222 / 233
页数：12
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