Alteration of the risk of pre-oral cancer and cancer in North Indian population by NAT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms genotypes and haplotypes

Purpose The risk of oral cancer is strongly related to consumption of tobacco, smoking and drinking alcohol. N-acetyl transferases 1,2 are phase II metabolic enzymes, metabolize aryl and heterocyclic amines which are present in tobacco. NAT2 slows acetylator phenotype and the genotype is related to reduced ability to detoxify these xenobiotic that are carcinogenic to tissues. The aim of our study to determine the risk of oral cancer as well as oral precancerous lesions in North Indian population with polymorphisms in these two N-acetyl transferases 1,2 genes. Materials and methods A total of 250 patients with pre oral cancer, oral cancer and 250 healthy volunteers were genotypes for the NAT1 and NAT2 gene polymorphisms. Genotypes were identified by PCR and RFLP. Genotype frequencies were evaluated by Chi-square test and risk of disease was estimated by Odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval. Result Our results showed that individuals with CT and TT genotypes of NAT1 C > T polymorphism were significantly lower risk of oral diseases (p value = 0.02, OR = 0.60 and p value = 0.04, OR = 0.58, respectively). For NAT2 C > T polymorphism, the TT genotype significantly increased the risk of OSMF (Oral Sub mucous Fibrosis) and Leukoplakia (p value = 0.001, OR = 4.16; p value = 0.002, OR = 4.38, respectively). In contrary, the CC genotype for NAT2 T > C polymorphism increased the risk of OSMF (p value = 0.01, OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.31-6.86). Conclusion Our study concludes that the NAT1 polymorphism shows protective association with oral diseases and NAT2 polymorphism and haplotypes also influence the susceptibility to oral diseases in North Indian population subjects.