Nanoparticle temperature estimation in combined ac and dc magnetic fields

The harmonics produced by the nonlinear magnetization of superparamagnetic nanoparticles have been utilized in a number of budding medical devices. Here we expand on an earlier technique for quantitatively measuring nanoparticle temperature in a purely ac field by including the presence of a static field. The ability to quantify nanoparticle temperature by tracking changes in the 4th/2nd harmonic ratio is presented and shown to achieve an accuracy of 0.79 K. The advantage of even harmonics, issues with odd harmonics in the presence of a static field and the potential for future incorporation into an imaging system are discussed.