Fermi large area telescope observations of the cosmic-ray induced γ-ray emission of the Earth's atmosphere

被引：73

作者：

Abdo, A. A. ^{[1
,2
]}

Ackermann, M. ^{[3
,4
]}

Ajello, M. ^{[3
,4
]}

Atwood, W. B. ^{[5
,6
]}

Baldini, L. ^{[7
]}

Ballet, J. ^{[8
]}

Barbiellini, G. ^{[9
,10
]}

Bastieri, D. ^{[11
,12
]}

Baughman, B. M. ^{[1
,13
]}

Bechtol, K. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bellazzini, R. ^{[7
]}

Berenji, B. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bloom, E. D. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bonamente, E. ^{[14
,15
]}

Borgland, A. W. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bouvier, A. ^{[3
,4
]}

Bregeon, J. ^{[7
]}

Brez, A. ^{[7
]}

Brigida, M. ^{[16
,17
,18
]}

Bruel, P. ^{[19
]}

Buehler, R. ^{[3
,4
]}

Burnett, T. H. ^{[20
]}

Buson, S. ^{[12
]}

Caliandro, G. A. ^{[21
]}

Cameron, R. A. ^{[3
,4
]}

Caraveo, P. A. ^{[22
]}

Casandjian, J. M. ^{[8
]}

Cecchi, C. ^{[14
,15
]}

Celik, Oe ^{[23
,24
,25
,26
]}

Charles, E. ^{[3
,4
]}

Chekhtman, A. ^{[1
,27
]}

Chiang, J. ^{[2
]}

Ciprini, S. ^{[15
]}

Claus, R. ^{[3
,4
]}

Cohen-Tanugi, J. ^{[28
]}

Conrad, J. ^{[29
,30
]}

de Palma, F. ^{[16
,17
,18
]}

Digel, S. W. ^{[3
,4
]}

do Couto e Silva, E. ^{[3
,4
]}

Drell, P. S. ^{[3
,4
]}

Dubois, R. ^{[3
,4
]}

Dumora, D. ^{[31
,32
]}

Farnier, C. ^{[28
]}

Favuzzi, C. ^{[16
,17
,18
]}

Fegan, S. J. ^{[19
]}

Focke, W. B. ^{[3
,4
]}

Fortin, P. ^{[19
]}

Frailis, M. ^{[33
,34
]}

Fukazawa, Y. ^{[35
]}

Funk, S. ^{[3
,4
]}

机构：

[1] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA

[2] Natl Acad Sci, Washington, DC 20001 USA

[3] Stanford Univ, WW Hansen Expt Phys Lab, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[4] Stanford Univ, SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA

[5] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Dept Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[6] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA

[7] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, I-56127 Pisa, Italy

[8] Univ Paris Diderot, CEA Saclay, Serv Astrophys, CNRS,CEA,IRFU,Lab AIM, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[9] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[10] Univ Trieste, Dipartimento Fis, I-34127 Trieste, Italy

[11] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Padova, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[12] Univ Padua, Dipartimento Fis G Galilei, I-35131 Padua, Italy

[13] Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA

[14] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[15] Univ Perugia, Dipartimento Fis, I-06123 Perugia, Italy

[16] Univ Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[17] Politecn Bari, Dipartimento Fis M Merlin, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[18] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy

[19] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, IN2P3, Lab Leprince Ringuet, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

[20] Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA

[21] CSIC, IEEC, Inst Ciencies Espai, Barcelona 08193, Spain

[22] Ist Astrofis Spaziale & Fis Cosm, INAF, I-20133 Milan, Italy

[23] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[24] CRESST, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

[25] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[26] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Ctr Space Sci & Technol, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA

[27] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA

[28] Univ Montpellier 2, Lab Phys Theor & Astroparticules, CNRS, IN2P3, Montpellier, France

[29] Stockholm Univ, Dept Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[30] Oskar Klein Ctr Cosmoparticle Phys, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden

[31] Univ Bordeaux, Ctr Etud Nucl Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France

[32] CEN Bordeaux Gradignan, CNRS, IN2P3, UMR 5797, F-33175 Gradignan, France

[33] Univ Udine, Dipartimento Fis, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[34] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Trieste, Grp Coll Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy

[35] Hiroshima Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Hiroshima 7398526, Japan

[36] Penn State Univ, Dept Astron & Astrophys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA

[37] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[38] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA

[39] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[40] Univ Alabama, CSPAR, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA

[41] Waseda Univ, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1698050, Japan

[42] Tokyo Inst Technol, Dept Phys, Meguro, Tokyo 1528551, Japan

[43] RIKEN, Cosm Radiat Lab, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan

[44] UPS, CNRS, Ctr Etud Spatiale Rayonnements, F-31028 Toulouse 4, France

[45] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Rome, Italy

[46] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA

[47] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan

[48] Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, D-85748 Garching, Germany

[49] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Astro & Teilchenphys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

[50] Leopold Franzens Univ Innsbruck, Inst Theoret Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

来源：

PHYSICAL REVIEW D | 2009年 / 80卷 / 12期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 瑞典研究理事会;

关键词：

HELIUM SPECTRA; RADIATION; ALBEDO; PROTON; OSO-3; ANGLE; MODEL;

D O I：

10.1103/PhysRevD.80.122004

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We report on measurements of the cosmic-ray induced gamma-ray emission of Earth's atmosphere by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. The Large Area Telescope has observed the Earth during its commissioning phase and with a dedicated Earth limb following observation in September 2008. These measurements yielded similar to 6.4x10(6) photons with energies > 100 MeV and similar to 250 hours total live time for the highest quality data selection. This allows the study of the spatial and spectral distributions of these photons with unprecedented detail. The spectrum of the emission-often referred to as Earth albedo gamma-ray emission-has a power-law shape up to 500 GeV with spectral index Gamma=2.79 +/- 0.06.

引用

页数：10

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