The Effectiveness of Interventions for Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: A Meta-Analysis

Purpose: The research objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention programs that aim to enhance the well-being of grandparent caregivers and the developmental outcomes of grandchildren and identify useful program components. Method: Relevant studies were identified via comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases. A random effects model was used to calculate effect sizes. Results: We included 20 studies published in and before April 2018. Our review indicates that interventions for grandparent caregivers have positive effects in regard to various well-being outcomes. Small to moderate effect sizes for increases in social support and parenting skills and a decrease in children's behavioral problems were found. Supportive and educational components could contribute to a promising intervention. Conclusions: The implementation of interventions for grandparents requires ongoing research efforts to obtain high-quality evidence for program effectiveness. We suggest future research be conducted to develop tailored interventions to meet the needs of different grandparent caregivers.