Healing and wholeness - Is therapeutic and non-therapeutic research on the non-consenting patient ethically justified?

The article deals with the interpretation of the Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, article 17. The author develops the idea of dignity in regard to therapeutic and non-therapeutic research. He points out the tension and unity between the aim of healing and the aspect of well-being of the patient in research. The article discusses especially the criteria for non-therapeutic research and stresses the fact that this research aims to attain benefits for "other persons in the same age category or afflicted with the same disease or disorder or having the same condition" as the patient.