Fluid-structure interaction computational modelling of realistically reconstructed atherosclerotic plaques to assess their vulnerability to rupture based on collagen fibre architecture

Coronary atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a major cause of acute myocardial infarctions. The presence of a plaque alters the hemodynamics and subsequently the structural stresses and orientation of the fibres as they adapt in response to the prevalent tensile forces to optimise strength without increasing weight and metabolic costs. In vivo three-dimensional reconstructions of diseased coronary arteries using intravascular ultrasound were performed to use with FSI simulations in order to evaluate stress distribution and orientation. High stress zones were present in the central peak of the stenosis and the proximal-shoulder region of the plaque. Hemodynamic factors and biological tissue properties play an intricate role in the plaque rupture mechanics as it is highly influenced by the morphology and the anisotropy of the tissue.