Fungal disease in the immunocompromised host

Individuals with immune defects, such as cancer patients, organ transplant recipients, and HIV-infected patients, are all at increased risk for the development of opportunistic fungal infections. Superficial mycoses, including candidiasis, dermatophytosis, and pityrosporum, all may contribute to morbidity. Aspergillosis and mucormycosis are particularly lethal infections which require early diagnosis and therapy. Endemic mycoses, such as histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis, also are life-threatening in the immunocompromised host. Penicilliosis is an emerging problem in southeast Asia. A high level of suspicion and prompt diagnosis are crucial.