The Food Poisoning Toxins of Bacillus cereus

被引:158
|
作者
Dietrich, Richard [1 ]
Jessberger, Nadja [1 ]
Ehling-Schulz, Monika [2 ]
Maertlbauer, Erwin [1 ]
Granum, Per Einar [3 ]
机构
[1] Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Sci, Schonleutnerstr 8, D-85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
[2] Univ Vet Med Vienna, Inst Microbiol, Funct Microbiol, Dept Pathobiol, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
[3] Norwegian Univ Life Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food Safety & Infect Biol, POB 5003 NMBU, N-1432 As, Norway
关键词
Bacillus cereus; hemolysin BL; non-hemolytic enterotoxin; cytotoxin K; cereulide; pore formation; cytotoxicity; food poisoning; REAL-TIME PCR; NONHEMOLYTIC ENTEROTOXIN NHE; TRIPARTITE HEMOLYSIN BL; PORE-FORMING TOXINS; STAPHYLOCOCCAL ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; VIRULENCE FACTOR GENES; RAY CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; TO-EAT FOODS; EMETIC TOXIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI;
D O I
10.3390/toxins13020098
中图分类号
TS2 [食品工业];
学科分类号
0832 ;
摘要
Bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous soil bacterium responsible for two types of food-associated gastrointestinal diseases. While the emetic type, a food intoxication, manifests in nausea and vomiting, food infections with enteropathogenic strains cause diarrhea and abdominal pain. Causative toxins are the cyclic dodecadepsipeptide cereulide, and the proteinaceous enterotoxins hemolysin BL (Hbl), nonhemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) and cytotoxin K (CytK), respectively. This review covers the current knowledge on distribution and genetic organization of the toxin genes, as well as mechanisms of enterotoxin gene regulation and toxin secretion. In this context, the exceptionally high variability of toxin production between single strains is highlighted. In addition, the mode of action of the pore-forming enterotoxins and their effect on target cells is described in detail. The main focus of this review are the two tripartite enterotoxin complexes Hbl and Nhe, but the latest findings on cereulide and CytK are also presented, as well as methods for toxin detection, and the contribution of further putative virulence factors to the diarrheal disease.
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页数:48
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