Protective effect of curcumin on γ-radiation induced DNA damage and lipid peroxidation in cultured human lymphocytes

The present work is aimed at evaluating the radioprotective effect of curcumin, a naturally occurring phenolic compound on gamma-radiation induced toxicity. The cellular changes were estimated by using lipid peroxidative indices like thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The DNA damage was analysed by using cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay and dicentric aberration (DC). The gamma-radiation at different doses (1, 2 and 4 Gy) were found to significantly increase micronuclei (MN). DC frequencies and TBARS level whereas the levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes were significantly decreased. The maximum damage to lymphocytes was observed at 4 Gy irradiation. Curcumin pretreatment (1, 5 and 10 mu g/ml) significantly decreased the frequency of MN and DC. The levels of TBARS decreased and activities of SOD, CAT and GPx significantly increased along with GSH levels. At I Gy irradiation all the concentrations of curcumin (1, 5 and 10 mu g/ml) significantly protected the lymphocytes from radiation damage. At 2 Gy irradiation, 5 and 10 mu g/ml of curcumin showed significant radioprotection. Since the highest damage was observed at 4 Gy irradiation both 1 and 5 mu g/ml of curcumin pretreatment were not sufficient to protect the lymphocytes from radiation damage but 10 mu g/ml of curcumin significantly protected the cultured lymphocytes from radiation damage. Thus, pretreatment with curcumin gives protection to lymphocytes against gamma-radiation induced cellular damage. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.