Perceived constraints and negotiation strategies by elderly tourists when visiting heritage sites

This study examined the accessibility of heritage tourism sites for elderly tourists by applying the leisure constraint theory and universal design principles. Qualitative face-to-face interviews with 21 elderly tourists in Macao were conducted. Results revealed major barriers including feeling unsafe, extensive efforts required to use the facilities, feeling crowded, unclear and insufficient signage, and untidy public lavatories. Both protected aspects and supplemental facilities of these heritage sites lacked compliance with universal design principles. Confronted with these barriers, the elderly tourists had several different constraint negotiation strategies to reduce the constraining effects. This study offers a new perspective on accessible tourism within heritage sites by linking the concepts of constraint negotiation and universal design. Practical suggestions to destination planners of ways to enhance the accessibility of heritage facilities for post-COVID-19 usage are also offered.