Wi-Uro: Real-time Monitoring and Alarming for Urine Bags Using Commodity Wi-Fi

A urine bag is a common medical appliance widely used in clinical treatment for patients with urinary frequency, urgency, or incontinence problems. The real-time monitoring and alarming of the liquid volume in the bag are necessary to avoid the infection caused by urine reflux. Current monitoring relies on manual observations of doctors and medical attendants, but it has problems with timeliness, especially in surgery or at night. In this paper, we propose Wi-Uro, a real-time, low-cost, and accurate urine bag monitoring and alarming system with commodity Wi-Fi devices. To solve the random deformation of urine bags possibly due to human postures, it integrates Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) with tension sensor readings to infer liquid volume in bags. Once the volume is exceeding the threshold, Wi-Uro system will prompt the alarm information immediately. Evaluations based on real urine bags show a satisfactory estimation accuracy (over 95%), which means that Wi-Uro can be applied in routine patient care.