Assessment of Clinical Empathy Among Medical Students Using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student Version

Introduction Clinical empathy is the ability to comprehend the perspectives, feelings, and situation of the patients. Clinical empathy instills a sense of satisfaction in the patient. It also facilitates the healthcare provider (HCPs) in taking more sincere and logical clinical decisions. Although there have been numerous studied conducted to explore the pattern of clinical empathy among medical students, the results are mixed and not consistent. Methods This is a cross-sectional, observational study conducted among medical students of Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College in August 2018. Two hundred and seven out of 500 students of all five years completed the study after informed consent. All students completed the 20-item Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Student Version (JSE-S). Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). The internal consistency of JSES was 0.71. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for students' ages and genders. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for continuous variables. Group comparisons of the empathy scores were conducted using t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). p<0.05 was considered as the significant level. Results There were 93 (44.9%) male and 114 (55.1%) female students. Their mean +/- SD age was 20.85 +/- 2.27 years (range: 17 to 26 years). The mean +/- SD empathy score of all students was 98.11 +/- 12.31 (range: 20-140). The mean empathy score was categorized according to gender, year of education, and career preference. Females showed a significantly higher empathy score. The lowest empathy was seen for the final year and the highest for the first year. On all three subscales of (JSE-S) - perspective taking, compassionate care, and walking in patients' shoes students with "people-oriented" career preference scored higher. Conclusion JSE-S is a self-administered and self-perceived inventory, which reports declining empathy in medical students with ascending years of education. Qualitative studies that can assess the empathy levels from the patients' perspective are the need of the hour to decide whether or not empathy is a real phenomenon.