Operational performance of passive multi-family buildings: commissioning with regard to ventilation and indoor climate

The first year commissioning activities in 4 multi-family buildings from a zero-carbon neighbourhood is presented, with focus on the operation of the ventilation systems, the indoor climate and user acceptance. The key parameters to detect the main system failures are identified and the effect of the detected defects and failures on the energy performance of the dwellings is explored using dynamic simulations and monitoring data. It is concluded that commissioning of the building systems during occupancy is a vital part of the operational lifetime of a building project in order to achieve the high building performance targets in reality. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/hy-nc-nd/4.0/).