The evolution of processes for the commercial exploitation of anchorage-dependent animal cells

This paper examines the equipment and techniques for the commercial exploitation of anchorage-dependent animal cells. Since there is a plethora of such techniques which can be used commercially to generate products from anchorage-dependent animal cells in culture, they are examined in their historical context, their relative importance evaluated, and the evolution of their solutions related. Also, a view as to how present understandings are consolidated is presented.