Tailoring green formulation: printing and upscaling of inverted organic solar cells

By tailoring the solvents of active organic solar cell layers regarding their solubility (Hansen parameters), non-halogenated solvents and solvent mixtures can be used to print the active layers of organic solar cells. Similar efficiencies to other typical laboratory methods as spin-coating can be reached. Furthermore, using sheet-to-sheet printing or coating techniques compatible to mass-manufacturing and structuring by laser ablation, we can upscale to 10x20 cm(2) and manufacture modules on plastic substrates. This is a breakthrough for organic solar cells and the next important step on the way to utilize organic solar cells for industrial manufacturing.