Elevation angle characteristics of urban wireless propagation environment at 3.5 GHz

It is known that channel model of propagation characteristics are crucial in the research and evaluation of three-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (3D-MIMO) technique, especially the elevation angle (EA) model. In this paper, the results of 3D-MIMO channel measurement in the urban macro-cell (UMA) scenario at 3.5 GHz are presented. Based on the measurement data, it is find that the mean value of elevation angle has a offset angle to line-of-sight (LOS) angle especially in not-line-of-sight (NLOS) situation. And the offset angle is depend on the azimuth distance between BS and MS which can be modeled as a function that use distance as a parameter. A novel way to model mean angle of elevation angle is proposed at the end of this paper. The relation between Circular angular spread (CAS) and distance is also studied, the measurement result shows that the effects caused by distance can be neglected.