Acarbose inhibits the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via targeting Ras signaling

Atherosclerosis involves the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The migration of VSMCs from the media into the intima and their subsequent proliferation are important processes in neointima formation in atherosclerosis and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to not affect serum levels of glucose and decrease the progression of intima-media thickening in rabbits fed with a high cholesterol diet (HCD). We previously showed that increased Ras protein levels enhanced the migration of TNF-alpha treated A7r5 cells. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effects of acarbose on Ras expression in A7r5 cells. Acarbose also inhibited the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Akt, activities of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP-2 and MMP-9, and protein expressions of small G proteins (Ras, Cdc42, RhoA, and Rac1) in a dose-dependent manner. We also found that acarbose could effectively inhibit the proliferation and migration of Ras(G12V) A7r5 cells by blocking small G proteins and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. These studies demonstrated that acarbose could theoretically decrease atherosclerosis by targeting Ras signaling.