Comparison of nickel-titanium and stainless-steel spreader penetration and accessory cone fit in curved canals

The purpose of this study was to compare nickel-titanium and stainless-steel spreader penetration in curved canals. Twenty prepared plastic blocks with a 30 degrees curvature were used for each part of the study. In part 1, the force required to insert each spreader to within 1 mm of working length in an empty canal was measured. In part 2, the force required to insert each spreader to within 3 mm of working length was measured in a canal containing a master cone. In part 3, the depth of penetration of each spreader with a master cone in place using a 1.5 kg force was measured. Additionally, in part 3, the depth of penetration of the first accessory cone was measured. The results from part 1 showed that a nickel-titanium spreader required significantly less force than a stainless-steel spreader (0.30 kg vs. 0.59 kg). In part 2, a nickel-titanium spreader required significantly less force than a stainless-steel spreader (1.56 kg vs. 2.42 kg). In part 3, a nickel-titanium spreader penetrated significantly deeper than a stainless-steel spreader (15.0 mm vs. 14.0 mm). There was no significant difference in the depth of penetration of the first accessory cone used after either spreader (0.8 mm vs. 0.7 mm). Therefore, the potential for vertical root fracture in curved canals during lateral condensation may be minimized by using nickel-titanium spreaders.