Pertussis-specific cell-mediated and humoral immunity in adolescents 3 years after booster immunization with acellular pertussis vaccine

We evaluated pertussis-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) and humoral immunity in adolescents 3 years after they received an acellular pertussis booster immunization. Two hundred sixty-four adolescents were examined for immunoglobulin G antibodies, and 49 were examined for CMI against Bordetella pertussis antigens 40 months after receiving the booster. A control group of similarly aged adolescents who had received diphtheria and tetanus vaccination 3 years earlier was included for comparison. Pertussis-specific CMI persisted at greater than prebooster immunization levels. Although they had decreased by the 3-year follow-up, antibody levels remained significantly higher than prebooster immunization levels. Antibodies against pertussis antigens and CMI against filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin were significantly higher in vaccinated adolescents than in control subjects. The acellular pertussis booster immunization provides long-term CMI and humoral immunity lasting for greater than or equal to3 years. The significantly higher immunity observed in the diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine recipients, compared with that in control subjects, indicates that these responses are more likely to have resulted from the booster immunization than from the boosting effects of natural B. pertussis infection.