Exosomes in the Repair of Bone Defects: Next-Generation Therapeutic Tools for the Treatment of Nonunion

被引:20
|
作者
Lu, Jian [1 ,2 ]
Wang, Qi-Yang [1 ]
Sheng, Jia-Gen [1 ]
机构
[1] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Affiliated Peoples Hosp 6, 600 Yishan Rd, Shanghai 200233, Peoples R China
[2] Soochow Univ, Affiliated Hosp 3, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu, Peoples R China
关键词
MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS; STEM-CELLS; OSTEOGENIC DIFFERENTIATION; B16BL6-DERIVED EXOSOMES; EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES; PLATE AUGMENTATION; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; BASIC SCIENCE; FRACTURES; OSTEOBLASTS;
D O I
10.1155/2019/1983131
中图分类号
Q81 [生物工程学(生物技术)]; Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号
071005 ; 0836 ; 090102 ; 100705 ;
摘要
Nonunion with bone defects, a common complication after long bone fracture, is a major challenge for orthopaedic surgeons worldwide because of the high incidence rate and difficulties in achieving successful treatment. Bone defects are the main complications of nonunion. The conventional biological treatments for nonunion with bone defects involve the use of autologous bone grafts or bone graft substitutes and cell-based therapy. Traditional nonunion treatments have always been associated with safety issues and various other complications. Bone grafts have limited autologous cancellous bone and there is a risk of infection. Additionally, problems with bone graft substitutes, including rejection and stimulation of bone formation, have been noted, and the health of the stem cell niche is a major consideration in cell-based therapy. In recent years, researchers have found that exosomes can be used to deliver functional RNA and mediate cell-to-cell communication, suggesting that exosomes may repair bone defects by regulating cells and cytokines involved in bone metabolism. In this review, we highlight the possible relationships between risk factors for nonunion and exosomes. Additionally, we discuss the roles of exosomes in bone metabolism and bone regeneration.
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页数:11
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