Hyperspectral Image Classification based on NMF Features Selection Method

Hyperspectral instruments are capable of collecting hundreds of images corresponding to wavelength channels for the same area on the earth surface. Due to the huge number of features (bands) in hyperspectral imagery, land cover classification procedures are computationally expensive and pose a problem known as the curse of dimensionality. In addition, higher correlation among contiguous bands increases the redundancy within the bands Hence, dimension reduction of hyperspectral data is very crucial so as to obtain good classification accuracy results. This paper presents a new feature selection technique. Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithm is proposed to obtain reduced relevant features in the input domain of each class label. This aimed to reduce classification error and dimensionality of classification challenges Indiana pines of the Northwest Indiana dataset is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method through experiments of features selection and classification. The Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) data mining framework is selected as a tool to implement the classification using Support Vector Machines and Neural Network. The selected features subsets are subjected to land cover classification to investigate the performance of the classifiers and how the features size affects classification accuracy. Results obtained shows that performances of the classifiers are significant. The study makes a positive contribution to the problems of hyperspectral imagery by exploring NMF, SVMs and NN to improve classification accuracy. The performances of the classifiers are valuable for decision maker to consider tradeoffs in method accuracy versus method complexity.