Biologic roles of gangliosides GM3 and GD3 in the attachment of human melanoma cells to extracellular matrix proteins

The biologic functions of gangliosides G(M3) and G(D3) in the attachment of human melanoma cells to extracellular matrix proteins (type I and TV collagens, fibronectin, and laminin) were investigated by using the G(D3)-deficient mutant clone (SK-MEL-28-N1) and the parent cell line SK-MEL28, SK-MEL-28-N1 (N1) (high G(M3) expression: G(M3), 97.3%; G(D3), 0%) Was selected by treating SK-MEG 28 (high G(D3) but low G(M3): G(M3), 6.5%, G(D3), 93.5%) with an anti-G(D3) monoclonal antibody (R24) and rabbit complement and subsequent subcloning of the surviving cells. The N1 clone showed significantly higher ability to adhere to type I and IV collagens and laminin than the parent clone SK-MEL-28, In the N1 clone, the expression of alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 3 beta 1 integrin receptors was increased, whereas in SK-MEL28, their expression was very low or undetectable. The treatment with monoclonal antibodies directed specifically to G(D3) expressed on SK-MEL28 inhibited the cell attachment to type TV collagen (33% inhibition of control), fibronectin (59%), and laminin (71%). These findings suggest that gangliosides G(M3) (by influencing integrin receptor levels) and G(D3) (by interacting directly with matrix proteins) might play some functional roles in attachment to extracellular matrix proteins and thereby enhance the metastatic potency of melanoma cells.