Effects of Race and Poverty on Sleep Duration: Analysis of Patterns in the 2014 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey and General National Health Interview Survey Data

Background There are health concerns associated with unhealthy sleep duration. A growing body of evidence indicates that there are disparities in sleep duration based upon race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Prior studies have suffered from inadequate measures of poverty and have not included Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI). Methods Using the 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the 2014 NHPI-NHIS, the effect of race/ethnicity and poverty was examined for associations with sleep duration. Results Significant differences among race/ethnicity groups and sleep duration were found in adjusted associations. Compared with Whites, NHPIs and Blacks were twice as likely to experience very short sleep; NHPI, Hispanic, and Blacks were more likely to experience short sleep; Blacks were also more likely to experience long sleep. Asians were less likely to experience unhealthy sleep (very short, short, or long sleep). Persons living in poverty were significantly more likely to experience very short sleep compared with persons not living in poverty. Conclusion This is the first population-based study that has examined the relationship between sleep duration and poverty with a large sample that included NHPI in relation to other races/ethnicities. The difference in sleep duration between NHPI and Asians provides a strong rationale for not aggregating Asian and NHPI data in population-based studies.