Root exudation in a sloping Moso bamboo forest in relation to fine root biomass and traits

Exudation by fine roots generally varies with their morphological traits, but the effect of belowground resource availability on the root exudation via root morphological traits and biomass remains unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of morphological and physiological traits on root exudation rates and to estimate stand-scale exudation (E-stand) by measuring the mass, length, and surface area of fine roots in a Moso bamboo forest. We measured root exudation as well as morphological and physiological traits in upper and lower plots on a slope with different belowground resource availability. The mean (+/- S.D.) root exudation rates per mass in the upper and lower slope were 0.049 +/- 0.047 and 0.040 +/- 0.059 mg C g(-1) h(-1), respectively, which were in the range of exudation found in woody forest ecosystems. We observed significant relationships between root exudation per mass and root respiration, as well as specific root length and surface area. In contrast, exudation per length and area did not correlate with morphological traits. The morphological traits did not differ between slope positions, resulting in no significant difference in root exudation per mass. Fine root biomass, length, and surface area on a unit ground basis were much higher in the lower than those in the upper slope positions. E-stand was higher when estimated by mass than by length and area because the morphological effect on exudation was ignored when scaled using mass. E-stand was 1.4-2.0-fold higher in the lower than that in upper slope positions, suggesting that the scaling parameters of mass, length, and area determined the E-stand estimate more than the exudation rate per mass, length, and area. Regardless of scaling, E-stand was much higher in the Moso bamboo forest than in other forest ecosystems because of a large fine-root biomass.