Differential risk factors and morbidity/mortality pattern in type 2 diabetes: A study among two Mendelian populations with different ancestry (India)

Background and aims: Association studies of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with risk factors have shown variable results. Moreover, population-specific comparative investigations are negligible. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the association of dyslipidemia and obesity with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and T2DM among two ethnically, geographically and culturally different populations in India. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among Jats and Meiteis, each inhabiting a separate geographical region. A total of 2371 individuals, age >= 30 years were recruited through household survey. Obesity variables were captured using anthropometric measurements while fasting blood (2.5 mL) was drawn to measure lipid and glucose levels using enzymatic assay by spectrophotometer. Participants were categorized under normal, IFG and T2DM groups, indicative of diabetes progression stages. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 16.0 version. Results: Significant differential distribution of lipid and obesity variables among IFG and T2DM in both populations were observed. Odds ratio revealed high TC and all obesity variables except BMI posed significant increased risk for T2DM among Jats. Abnormal TG, VLDL, WC, and WHtR posed significant increased risk for T2DM among Meiteis. Age-cohort wise prevalence of T2DM showed increasing trend at >= 60 years among Jats and decreasing trend at >= 60 years among Meiteis, suggesting a potential higher morbidity in the former and mortality in latter because of T2DM. Conclusions: The present study observed a differential association of risk factors for T2DM among Jats and Meiteis. This study emphasize the need to implement community-specific intervention programs for prevention, treatment and management of T2DM. (C) 2020 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.