Impact of Climate Change on Population Dynamics and Herbicide Resistance in Kochia (Bassia scoparia (L.) A. J. Scott)

Climate change has greatly impacted agronomy. Climate forecasts for the coming years predict increases in global temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and extreme weather events. These changes will continue to influence agricultural production by altering abiotic stress on plants, including crops and weeds. Kochia, one of the most common weeds in North America, is a C4 plant exceptional for its drought tolerance. Kochia has also demonstrated rapid adaption and evolution to the abiotic stress of herbicide application, particularly glyphosate. Abiotic stresses from both climate change and herbicides impact the distribution and expansion of kochia. Being aware of the features and properties of kochia, especially those resulting from herbicide resistance, will help anticipate how kochia responds or migrates under future climate change, and help create proper strategies for kochia weed management.