THE IMPACT OF THE INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI AND THE NIAS EARTHQUAKE ON THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN NORTHERN SUMATRA

被引:3
|
作者
Brata, Aloysius G. [1 ,2 ]
de Groot, Henri L. F. [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Rietveld, Piet [1 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Vrije Univ Amsterdam, Dept Spatial Econ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[2] Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Univ, Dept Econ, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
[3] Tinbergen Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands
[4] Ecorys, Rotterdam, Netherlands
关键词
natural disasters; spatial distribution; population growth; Q54; R11; R12; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; ZIPFS LAW; CITIES; DISASTER; GROWTH;
D O I
10.1080/00074918.2014.896239
中图分类号
K9 [地理];
学科分类号
0705 ;
摘要
After the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004, Northern Sumatra experienced three shocks: a negative shock from the tsunami itself and the Nias earthquake that followed in 2005; a positive shock from the massive allocation of recovery funds; and another positive shock from the peace deal between the Indonesian government and the Free Aceh Movement, also in 2005. We analyse the consequences of these shocks on the spatial distribution of the population in Northern Sumatra, building on the approach developed by Davis and Weinstein (2002). We conclude that there have been no significant changes in the relative position of regions in Aceh and North Sumatra, considering their population size. Our model of estimated population growth suggests that the twin disasters had only a temporary impact, which supports the locational fundamentals theory. Our results also reveal that the peace deal is important in explaining the dynamics of population growth in the region. Setelah bencana tsunami yang terjadi di Samudra Hindia pada 2004, Sumatra Utara mengalami tiga guncangan (shock): guncangan sebagai dampak negatif dari tsunami itu sendiri dan gempa bumi Nias yang terjadi selanjutnya pada 2005, guncangan positif dari alokasi dana perbaikan yang berjumlah besar, serta guncangan berimplikasi positif akibat perjanjian perdamaian antara pemerintah Indonesia dan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) yang juga terjadi pada 2005. Penulis menganalisis konsekuensi dari guncangan-guncangan ini pada distribusi spasial dari populasi masyarakat Sumatra Utara dengan menggunakan pendekatan Davis dan Weinstein (2002). Dengan mempertimbangkan ukuran populasinya, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa tidak terjadi perubahan yang signifikan ditinjau dari posisi relatif kabupaten/ kota di Aceh dan Sumatra Utara. Model yang penulis bangun mengenai perkiraan pertumbuhan populasi menyatakan bahwa bencana ganda tersebut hanya memiliki dampak temporer dan oleh karenanya, sesuai dengan teori fundamental lokasi. Hasil penelitian juga menyimpulkan bahwa perjanjian perdamaian dengan GAM merupakan faktor penting yang menjelaskan dinamika pertumbuhan penduduk di daerah kabupaten/ kota.
引用
收藏
页码:101 / 121
页数:21
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