Enhancing the forest science-policy interface in Europe: Urban forestry showing the way

The demands of a modern, urbanizing society require a paradigm shift within forestry. More cross-sectoral, participatory, multidisciplinary approaches have been called for, as well as better integration between science, policy and implementation. The concept of urban forestry was developed in response to these demands. It has its roots in practice, as North American green management practitioners called for integrated approaches to deal with the challenges of modern cities. Through the involvement of federal and state governments in policy, science and implementation, a strong science-policy interface has been created in American urban forestry. Although policy-science links in urban forestry have so far been weaker in Europe, examples of good practice exist. Sound information systems to support decision making in planning and management have been developed. For the appropriate dissemination of research findings, the first knowledge brokers have started to play an important role. Finally, networks of urban forestry policy makers, managers and scientists have been instrumental in defining research needs.