The problem of almost sure (a. s.) adaptive synchronization for neutral-type neural networks with Markovian switching is researched in this paper. A new criterion of a. s. asymptotic stability for a general neutral-type stochastic differential equation which extends the existed results is given firstly. Next, based upon this stability criterion, by making use of Lyapunov functional method and designing a adaptive controller, a condition of a. s. asymptotic adaptive synchronization for neutral-type neural networks with stochastic perturbation and Markovian switching is obtained. The synchronization condition is expressed as linear matrix inequality which can be easily solved by Matlab. A numerical example to illustrate the effectiveness of the method and result is introduced finally.