共 50 条
- [21] Insecticide resistance status of the malaria mosquitoes: Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in eastern and northern UgandaMALARIA JOURNAL, 2018, 17Okia, Michael论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, Uganda ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaHoel, David F.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Lee Cty Mosquito & Hyacinth Control Dist, Lehigh Acres, FL USA Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaKirunda, James论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, Uganda ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaRwakimari, John Bosco论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: USAID Zimbabwe Assistance Program Malaria, Harare, Zimbabwe ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaMpeka, Betty论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, Uganda ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaAmbayo, Denis论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, Uganda ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaPrice, Ananya论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, Uganda ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaOguttu, David W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Minist Hlth, Vector Control Div, Kampala, Uganda ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaOkui, Albert P.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Minist Hlth, Natl Malaria Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, UgandaGovere, John论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ABT Associates Inc, USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Pha, Kampala, Uganda
- [22] Molecular basis of permethrin and DDT resistance in an Anopheles funestus population from BeninParasites & Vectors, 11Genevieve Tchigossou论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of ZoologyRousseau Djouaka论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of ZoologyRomaric Akoton论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of ZoologyJacob M Riveron论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of ZoologyHelen Irving论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of ZoologySeun Atoyebi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of ZoologyKabirou Moutairou论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of ZoologyAkadiri Yessoufou论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of ZoologyCharles S Wondji论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: International Institute of Tropical Agriculture,Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology
- [23] Insecticide resistance status of the malaria mosquitoes: Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus in eastern and northern UgandaMalaria Journal, 17Michael Okia论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIDavid F. Hoel论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIJames Kirunda论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIJohn Bosco Rwakimari论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIBetty Mpeka论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIDenis Ambayo论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIAnanya Price论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIDavid W. Oguttu论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIAlbert P. Okui论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase IIJohn Govere论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Abt Associates Inc.,USAID Uganda Indoor Residual Spraying Project Phase II
- [24] Laboratory selection for and characteristics of pyrethroid resistance in the malaria vector Anopheles funestusMEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, 2005, 19 (03) : 271 - 275Hunt, RH论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Inst Communicable Dis, VCRU, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South AfricaBrooke, BD论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Inst Communicable Dis, VCRU, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South AfricaPillay, C论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Inst Communicable Dis, VCRU, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South AfricaKoekemoer, LL论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Inst Communicable Dis, VCRU, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South AfricaCoetzee, M论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Natl Inst Communicable Dis, VCRU, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa
- [25] MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF PYRETHROID RESISTANCE IN ANOPHELES FUNESTUS, MALARIA VECTOR IN AFRICAAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2008, 79 (06): : 357 - 357Wondji, Charles论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandMorgan, John论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandIrving, Helen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandCoetzee, Maureen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: NHLS, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Vector Control Reference Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandRanson, Hilary论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandHemingway, Janet论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England
- [26] Rangewide population genetic structure of the African malaria vector Anopheles funestusMOLECULAR ECOLOGY, 2005, 14 (14) : 4235 - 4248Michel, AP论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USAIngrasci, MJ论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USASchemerhorn, BJ论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USAKern, M论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USALe Goff, G论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USACoetzee, M论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USAElissa, N论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USAFontenille, D论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USAVulule, J论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USALehmann, T论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USASagnon, NF论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USACostantini, C论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USABesansky, NJ论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol Sci, Ctr Trop Dis Res & Training, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
- [27] Exploring the Mechanisms of Multiple Insecticide Resistance in a Highly Plasmodium-Infected Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus Sensu Stricto from Sahel of Northern NigeriaGENES, 2020, 11 (04)Ibrahim, Sulaiman S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Bayero Univ, Dept Biochem, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria Ctr Res Infect Dis CRID, LSTM Res Unit, POB 13591, Yaounde, Cameroon Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandMukhtar, Muhammad M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Bayero Univ, Dept Biochem, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandIrving, Helen论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandRiveron, Jacob M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ctr Res Infect Dis CRID, LSTM Res Unit, POB 13591, Yaounde, Cameroon Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandFadel, Amen N.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ctr Res Infect Dis CRID, LSTM Res Unit, POB 13591, Yaounde, Cameroon Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandTchapga, Williams论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ctr Res Infect Dis CRID, LSTM Res Unit, POB 13591, Yaounde, Cameroon Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandHearn, Jack论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandMuhammad, Abdullahi论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Bayero Univ, Ctr Biotechnol Res, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandSarkinfada, Faruk论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Bayero Univ, Dept Med Microbiol, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, EnglandWondji, Charles S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England Ctr Res Infect Dis CRID, LSTM Res Unit, POB 13591, Yaounde, Cameroon Liverpool Sch Trop Med LSTM, Vector Biol Dept, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England
- [28] Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus from Benin (West Africa) and operational challenge for malaria vector controlAMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE, 2007, 77 (05): : 67 - 67Corbel, Vincent论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: IRD, Montpellier, France IRD, Montpellier, FranceN'Guessan, Raphael论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England IRD, Montpellier, FranceBrengues, Cecile论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: IRD, Montpellier, France IRD, Montpellier, FranceChandre, Fabrice论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: IRD, Cotonou, Benin IRD, Montpellier, FranceDjogbenou, Luc论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: CREC, Cotonou, Benin IRD, Montpellier, FranceMartin, Thilbaud论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: IRD, Cotonou, Benin IRD, Montpellier, FranceAkogbeto, Martin论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: CREC, Cotonou, Benin IRD, Montpellier, FranceHougard, Jean-Marc论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: IRD, Cotonou, Benin IRD, Montpellier, FranceRowland, Mark论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London, England IRD, Montpellier, France
- [29] Distribution and insecticide resistance profile of the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus group across the African continentMEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY, 2024, 38 (02) : 119 - 137Wangrawa, Dimitri W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Joseph Ki Zerbo, Lab Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquee, BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Univ Norbert Zongo, Dept des Sci Vie & Terre, Koudougou, Burkina Faso Univ Joseph Ki Zerbo, Lab Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquee, BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina FasoOdero, Joel O.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, Ifakara, Tanzania Univ Glasgow, Sch Biodivers One Hlth & Vet Med, Glasgow, Scotland Univ Joseph Ki Zerbo, Lab Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquee, BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Badolo, Athanase论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Joseph Ki Zerbo, Lab Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquee, BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Univ Joseph Ki Zerbo, Lab Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquee, BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- [30] Genetic markers associated with the widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vector Anopheles funestus populations across TanzaniaPARASITES & VECTORS, 2024, 17 (01):Odero, Joel O.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Univ Glasgow, Sch Biodivers One Hlth & Vet Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaNambunga, Ismail H.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaMasalu, John P.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaMkandawile, Gustav论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaBwanary, Hamis论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Njalambaha, Rukiyah M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaTungu, Patrick论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Amani Med Res Ctr, Natl Inst Med Res, Muheza, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaNgowo, Halfan S.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaKaindoa, Emmanuel W.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Nelson Mandela African Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, POB 447, Arusha, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaMapua, Salum A.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaKahamba, Najat F.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Univ Glasgow, Sch Biodivers One Hlth & Vet Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Wondji, Charles论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Dept Vector Biol, Liverpool L3 5QA, England Ctr Res Infect Dis CRID, Dept Med Entomol, Yaounde 5, Cameroon Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaKoekemoer, Lizette L.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Witwatersrand, Wits Res Inst Malaria, Fac Hlth Sci, 7 York Rd, Johannesburg, South Africa Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Ctr Emerging Zoonot & Parasit Dis, Div Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaWeetman, David论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Dept Vector Biol, Liverpool L3 5QA, England Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, TanzaniaFerguson, Heather M.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Univ Glasgow, Sch Biodivers One Hlth & Vet Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania论文数: 引用数: h-index:机构:Okumu, Fredros O.论文数: 0 引用数: 0 h-index: 0机构: Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania Univ Glasgow, Sch Biodivers One Hlth & Vet Med, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland Nelson Mandela African Inst Sci & Technol, Sch Life Sci & Biotechnol, POB 447, Arusha, Tanzania Ifakara Hlth Inst, Environm Hlth & Ecol Sci Dept, POB 53, Ifakara, Tanzania