Digital disruption in print media: challenges of convergence and business models

Disruption in information technology has caused newspapers experiencing a significant decline in revenue in terms of the number of customers and advertising. However, the efforts of print media companies in Indonesia to expand their customer base and revenue by expanding into online media platforms have not found the right business model because of a number of constraints on the media industry's business environment in the country. Characteristics of mass media products and consumers that are distinctive compared to other products make the management of media companies have to take a different strategic approach in maintaining the survival of their business in the future. The unpreparedness of human resources who are still strong in their "print" mindset and information technology infrastructure are obstacles. The character of media consumers who still view online information as a product that should not be paid is also an obstacle. Meanwhile, the cost of differentiating information production is high amid the offer of social media platforms that aggregate information in abundance and free of charge.