Intensive care unit admissions following laparoscopic surgery: What lessons can be learned?

Background: Laparoscopic surgery has been widely embraced, often without adequate data concerning the range and incidence of complications. In the present series, our experience of complications requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission following laparoscopic surgery is described. Methods: The records of patients requiring ICU admission at John Hunter Hospital (JHH) following laparoscopic surgery over a 39 month period were retrospectively reviewed by an independent multidisciplinary panel. Results: Twenty-three ICU admissions were identified. Twenty-one followed general surgical laparoscopic procedures and two followed gynaecological laparoscopies. Ten cases were operated on initially at JHH and 13 were transferred from other hospitals. During the study period, 2444 laparoscopic surgical cases were performed at JHH; 725 general surgical procedures (1.37% admitted to ICU) and 1719 gynaecological procedures (no ICU admissions). Twelve cases suffered surgical complications (including five gastrointestinal tract perforations and three biliary tract injuries) and 11 cases were admitted for non-surgical problems. In 75% of surgical complications there was delay in diagnosis of more than 24 h. The duration of ICU stay for surgical complications (16.4 days) was significantly longer than for the non-surgical group (3.9 days). Conclusions: There was a greater likelihood of ICU admission following general surgical rather than gynaecological laparoscopy. Fifty-two per cent of the admissions were for surgical complications. Surgical complications are characterized by delay in diagnosis and longer ICU admission periods. Strategies to prevent some of these complications are discussed.