A study of prevalence and correlates of nonadherence to immunosuppressive medications in renal transplant recipients of South Indian population and their impact on long-term graft function

Nonadherence to immunosuppressant medications leading onto poor graft outcome is frequent among renal transplant recipients. In this study, we sought to assess the prevalence and correlates of nonadherence to immunosuppressants and its impact on graft function. A singlecenter, retrospective cum cross-sectional study of renal transplant recipients of age 18 years and who had completed at least six months after transplantation was performed. Nonadherence was assessed based on the Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale questionnaire. Factors attributed to nonadherence were assessed based on the Immunosuppressant Therapy Barriers Scale (ITBS) questionnaire. Social, economic, demographic data, and all transplant related information were recorded. Two hundred and seventy-nine patients were included in the study, of whom 78% were male. Median follow-up period was 46 months (interquartile range u 24 months to 82 months). Seventy-four patients (26.5%) admitted nonadherence to immunosuppressants. The nonadherence was significantly related to the male gender, late acute rejection episodes, rise in serum creatinine from 0.5 mg/dL from nadir level, lower blood levels of calcineurin inhibitor, and higher ITBS scores. Refill rates and use of alarm reminders were not significantly associated with better adherence.