Comparative biogeography of Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region

The relationship between the areas of Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region is still debated because of their complex historical geology and the enormous diversity of taxa. Cladistic methods have previously been used to reconstruct the relationships between areas in the region but never with such a high number of unrelated taxa (35). We use a compilation of phylogenies to investigate area relationships among Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region, run the comparative analysis with LisBeth [based on three-item analyses (3ia)] and compare the results with recently published geological reconstructions of the region. We discuss the relevance of such an approach to the interpretation of general pattern. The two questions addressed are: (1) is there an emerging common pattern; and (2) how to explain actual distributions of taxa in Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region. Three-item analysis found 27 optimal trees. An intersection tree reconstructed from the common three-area statements had an overall retention index of 84.8% and retrieved 13 nodes with two major branches compatible with a separation between Southeast Asia and the West Pacific region (i.e. congruent with some geological reconstructions). Any congruent patterns revealed by the combination of unrelated taxa should reflect a common cause. The extraction of information on area relationships contained in phylogenetic analyses of taxa consists of testing for area homologues. We obtained the tree from this region based on an empirical dataset which we hope will contribute to new insights into area classification in the region. (C) 2015 The Linnean Society of London