Effects of size and insertion angle of orthodontic mini-implants on skeletal anchorage

Introduction: The primary aim of this in vitro study was to compare the insertion torque (IT) and anchorage force (AF) values of 4 different sizes of orthodontic mini-implants with 2 different angles. The second aim was to evaluate the relationship between IT and AF values under different diameter, length, and insertion angle variables. Methods: A total of 160 mini-implants, including 20 implants in each group, with 4 different sizes (1.6 x 8 mm, 1.6 x 10 mm, 2.0 x 8 mm, and 2.0 x 10 mm) at 2 different angles (70 degrees and 90 degrees), were inserted into bovine iliac bone segments. The IT and AF values leading to 1.5 mm deflection were compared. The correlations between IT and AF values under different variables were also analyzed. Result: The mini-implants with greater diameter and length showed greater IT and AF values (P <0.05). The IT and AF values of mini-implants inserted at 70 degrees angle were significantly greater than those of mini-implants inserted at 90 degrees angle (P <0.001). Significant correlations were found between IT and AF values in all variables. Conclusion: The diameter, length, and insertion angle of orthodontic mini-implants have significant effects on IT and AF values. Insertion angle and diameter of mini-implants are more effective than implant length on skeletal anchorage. Significant correlations are present between IT and AF values of mini-implants regardless of their diameters, lengths, and insertion angles.