Effects of diabetes duration and glycemic control on free radicals in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Parameters of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and antioxidant defense systems were measured in blood samples from 47 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and from 51 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. In the diabetic children, chemiluminescent assay of plasma superoxide anion gave photoemission (counts x 10(3), mean +/- SD) of 674 +/- 412, which were significantly higher than those in the controls (452 +/- 185; p < 0.05). Plasma vitamin A levels in the diabetic children (243 +/- 90 mu g/dl) were also higher than those in the controls (207 +/- 59 mu g/dl, p < 0.05). In a subgroup of 24 diabetic children with blood Hb(A1C) levels >= 8.5%, plasma lipoperoxide (LPO) and vitamin E levels were higher (p < 0.05) than those in 23 diabetic children with blood Hb(A1C) levels < 8.5%. In a subgroup of 26 children with diabetes duration >= 5 yr, plasma LPO levels were higher (p < 0.05) than those in 21 children with diabetes duration < 5 yr. These findings confirm the presence of oxidant stress in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and demonstrate that certain indices of oxidant stress are influenced by the duration of diabetes and by the efficacy of glycemic control. These observations suggest that supportive therapy aimed at oxidative stress may help to prevent clinical complications in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.