Polyethylene glycol-grafted polystyrene particles

Densely pegylated particles that can serve as a model system for artificial cells were prepared by covalently grafting amino polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 3400 or 5000) onto carboxyl polystyrene particles (PS-COOH) using carbodiimide chemistry. PEG-modified particles (PS-PEG) were characterized by determination of the PEG surface concentration, C-potential, size, and morphology. Under optimized grafting conditions, a dense "brush-like" PEG layer was formed. A PEG surface concentration of approximately 60 pmol/cm(2), corresponding with an average distance between grafted PEG chains of similar to17 Angstrom can be realized. It was shown that grafting of PEG onto PS-COOH reduced the adsorption of proteins from human plasma (85 vol %) in phosphate-buffered saline up to 90%. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.