The implications of energy and other input use for conservation tillage

An important issue with regard to the overall effectiveness of conservation tillage practices in reducing the impact of agricultural production on the environment concerns what happens to energy, pesticide and fertilizer use as these practices are more extensively adopted. To gain some insight into this, the conservation tillage adoption decision is modelled. Starting with the assumption that the conservation tillage adoption decision is a two step procedure - the first is the decision whether or not to adopt a conservation tillage production system and the second is the decision on the extent to which conservation tillage should be used - appropriate models of the Cragg and Heckman (dominance) type are estimated. Based on farm-level data on corn production in the United States for 1987, the profile of a farm on which conservation tillage was adopted is that the cropland had above average slope and experienced above average rainfall, the farm was a cash grain enterprise, and had an above average expenditure on pesticides, a below average expenditure on energy and a below average expenditure on custom pesticide applications. Additionally, for a farm adopting ano-tillage production practice, an above average expenditure was made on fertilizer. (C) 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Int. J. Energy Res., vol. 21, 429-446 (1997).