Mycoplasma genitalium as a Cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Background: Mycoplasma genitalium is an increasingly recognized cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Case: A 17-year-old female adolescent presented with chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhea. Test results for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea were negative, and multiple radiologic test results were normal. The patient failed several empiric courses of therapy over 1 year. Laparoscopy revealed findings consistent with PID. Nucleic acid amplification test results were positive for M genitalium. Summary and Conclusion: M genitalium causing PID can be challenging to diagnose because of its often atypical presentation. Further epidemiological studies are needed to understand the burden of disease and to establish testing and treatment guidelines.