Tristate liquid crystal display with memory and dynamic operating modes

So far, monostable and bistable liquid crystal display (LCD) modes have independently been researched and developed. The authors propose a tristate LCD that can be operated in memory mode as well as dynamic mode. The proposed device has a unique texture of splay, pi twist, and bend states with applied voltages and is operated in memory mode or dynamic mode by selective switching of two states among them. They demonstrate switching characteristics of the tristate LCD. This tristate LCD has a long term memory time for memory mode as well as a fast response time for dynamic mode.